This article reconstructs the appearance of the Jesuit church of the Madonna dell’Umiltà in Venice from 1560 until the expulsion of the Jesuits from the city in 1606. The Umiltà is the earliest example of a decorated college church belonging to the Jesuit Order and was famed for its rich decoration. Despite this, the church has been subject to scant art-historical attention in part due to its destruction in the nineteenth century. This article relates the decoration of the church to the devotions of the Jesuit Order and to the impact that the Tridentine decrees and the Council of Trent had on artistic production in this period in Venice.