This article addresses the ways in which Classical mythology was assimilated and transformed in Viceregal Peru through the study of three case studies involving printed images and their adaptation into new media and new formats. By emphasizing this process as translation and by focusing on images of Greco-Roman gods produced in the Spanish American territories for local consumption, I analyze the circulation and uses of Classical culture within the viceroyalties, a topic that – at least in the realm of visual culture – has not been sufficiently addressed. After introducing the ways in which Classical culture circulated in the Spanish Americas, I focus on three specific examples: the translation of a set of Fontainebleau prints into a painted mural ceiling in a secular home in Tunja (Colombia); the remaking of an edition of Ovid’s Metamorphoses into a writing cabinet inlaid with engraved ivory; and the adaptation of Flemish prints into an azulejo cycle of renewal in a chapel originally dedicated to the Immaculate Conception, inside the Cathedral of Lima. The complexity and diversity of these examples point to a sophisticated reception of Classical culture, while a close analysis of how prints were visually and materially translated into other media demonstrates how local artists engaged with appropriation, and that site-specific images were never mere copies of the prints.